Ashwah shashtram shaastram Veena Vani narashcha naari cha.
Purush Vishesham praapta bhawanti yogya ayogyaashcha.
अश्व:शस्त्रं शास्त्रं वीणा वाणी नरश्च नारी च
पुरुषः विशेषं प्राप्ता भवन्ति योग्या अयोग्यास्च
Ashwah shashtram shaashtram veena vani narascha nari cha.
Purushah vishesham praaptaa bhawanti yogyaa ayaogyyscha.
i.e. Horses, weapons, shashtraas ( books of learning), veena, way of speaking (diction) of men and women, when they are under the command or direction of a specialist person, become competent or incompetent depending upon the skill of the handler.
Ashwah =horse. Shashtram = a weapon. Shaashtram = Scriptures, books of learning. veena = a strnged musical instrument. Vaani = way of speaking,speech.
Narascha = a man's. Naari = woman. Cha - also. Purushah = a person.
Vishesham = specialisation. Praapta = having. Bhawanti = become/
Yogyaa = competent. Ayogya = incompetent.
भद्रं भद्रं कृतं मौनं कोकिलैर्जलदागमे
वक्तारो दर्दुरा यस्य तत्र मौनं समाचरेत
Bhadram Bhadram Kritam Maunam Kokile'Jaladaagame.
Vaktaaro Dardura yatra, Tatra Maunam samaacharet.
i.e.Wise people observe silence ( do not speak up their mind) where persons of low intellect are assembled just as the nightengale (Koyal ) doeds not sing during Rainy season when frogs make deafening croaking sound.
(Nightengales usually sing during spring season, when there is greenery flowers every where and frogs are conspicious by their absence.)
धृष्टं धृष्टं पुनरपि पुनश्चन्दनं चारुगन्धं
छिन्नं छिन्नं पुनरपि पुनः स्वादुचैवेक्षुकाण्डं
दग्धं दग्धं पुनरपि पुनः काञ्चनं काञ्चवर्णं
न प्राणान्ते प्रुकृतिविकृतिर्जायते चोत्तकानाम
Ghrashtam Ghrashtam Punarapi Punash-chandanam Charugandham.
Chhinam Chhinam Punarapi Punah Swaadu Chaiwekshu Kandam.
Daghdham Daghdham Punarapi Punah Kaanchanam Kaant Varnam.
Na Praanante Prakriti Vikritir-Jaayate Chottamanam.
i.e. even by repeated rubbing, Sandalwood (Chandan) does not lose it's properties ( sweet smell), even by being cut into small pieces sugarcane does not lose it's sweetness, even by repeatedly being burnt in fire Gold does not lose its shine and colour, similarly great personalities (uttam purush) do not lose their benevolant nature and human values even facing grave danger to their life.
गुणाः कुर्वन्ति दूतत्वम् दूरेऽपि वसतां सताम
केतकी गन्ध माघ्राय स्वयम् गछन्ति षट्पदाः
Gunaah kurwanti Dootatwam Doorepi Vasataam Sataam'
Ketaki Gandha Maaghraaya Swayam Gachhanti Shatpadaah.
i.e.Virtues(gunaah)in a person advertise themselve to outsiders even if they may be in remote place
, e.g.attracted by the sweet smell of Ketaki ( a very sweet scented flower) bees themselves go to the flowers.
न चौरहार्यं न च राज हार्यं
न भ्रातुभाज्यं न च भारकारी
व्यये कृते वर्धति एव नित्यं
विद्या धनं सर्वधनप्रधानम्
Na Chaur Haaryam Na Cha Raajya Haaryam,
Na Bhraatri Bhaajyam Na Cha Bhaarkaari.
Vyaye Krite Vardhati Eva Nityam,
Vidya Dhanam Sarva Dhan- Pradhaanam.
i.e.Neither a thief can steal it nor the 'Powers that be' (Raajya) can take it away,neither it is divisible with your brother (as a share in property), neither it is heavy to carry; it increases day by day through spending (by imparting to others). Such qualities are only in Vidya Dhan (learning), which is first amongst all types of 'Riches' (Dhan).
ग़ुनवद्जनसन्सर्गाद्याति सर्वोपि गौरवं
पुष्पमाला प्रसंगेन सूत्रं शिरशि
Gunawajjn Sansargadyaati Sarvoopi Gaurawam.
Pushpa Mala Prasangena Sootram Shirashi Dhaaryate.
i.e. Every one is honoured and gets benefitte in the company of noble and virtuous persons (Guni-Jan) e.g. in the company of flowers ordinary thread also gets an opportunity to be placed over the head (of the person being honored).
उपदेशो हि मूर्खाणां प्रकोपाय न शान्तये
पयः पानं भुजङ्गानां केवलम् विष वर्धनम्
Updesho Hi Moorkhanaam Prakopaaya Na Shantaye
Payahh Paanam Bhujangaanam,Kewalam Visha Vardhanam.
i.e. the chaos (prakopa) created by foolish persons (moorkh) can not be stopped and removed by giving them good advice (updesh). It is just like feeding a snake with milk, which will only result in increasing its poison yield.
शरदि न वर्षति गर्जति वर्षति वर्षासु नि:स्वनो मेघः
नीचो न वदति न कुरुते वदति साधुः करोत्येव
Sharadi Na Varshati Garjati, Varshat Varshasu Nih:swano Meghah.
Neecho Vadati Na Kurute, Vadati Saadhu: Karotyewa.
i.e. during Sharad Ritu (months of October and November) the clouds do not pour rain and simply make rumbling sound (Garjati), whereas during rainy season rain bearing clouds make a downpour silently without making any sound. Similarly, the lowly people (neecho) only boast and do not do any job whereas saintly people (Saadhu) without boasting or fanfare accomplish the task entrusted to them
.
वाणी दरिद्रस्य शुभा हिताSपि ह्यर्थेन शब्देन संप्रयुक्ता
न शोभते वित्तवत: समीपे भेरिनिनादोपहतेव वीणा
Vaani Daridrasya Shubha Hitaapi. Hyarthean Shabdean Samprayukta
Na Shobhate Vittavatahh Sameepey, Bheeri Ninadopahateawa Veena.
i.e.If a poor person says some thing important and scholarly to a rich person, no matter such saying may be auspicious (shubha) and beneficial (hitartha) to the rich person, it is not liked by the rich, just as before the cacophony and din of a trumpet (bheri-ninaad)no one bothers to listen to the sweet strains of a Veena ( a refined and complicated ancient musical instrument associated with Goddess Saraswati).
मुखं पद्मदलाकारं वाचा चन्दनशीतला
हृदयं क्रोधसंयुक्तं त्रिविधं धूर्त लक्षणं
Mukham Padma Dalakaaram , Vaacha ChandanSheetala.
Hridayam Krodha Sanyuktam, Trividham Dhoorta Laksanam.
i.e. Outwardly a smiling face like a blooming lotus (padma dalaakaaram) and speech as cool as paste of sandlewood (chandan), but inwardly full of anger and trachary, these are the three characteristics of a scheming and crooked person (Dhoorta).
.
सुखार्थी वा त्यजेत् विद्यां विद्यार्थी वा त्यजेत् सुखम् |
सुखर्थिनः कुतो विद्या कुतो विद्यार्थिनः सुखंम् ||
Sukhaarthi wa tyajet vidyaam, Vidyaarthi wa tyajeit sukham.
Sukhaarthinh kutah vidya , kuto vidyarthinah sukham.
Sukhaarthi = seekers of pleasure. Va = if. Tyajet = give up, forego.
Vidyaa = learning, knowledge, science.. Vidyaarthi = seekers of knowledge,student.
Sukha = pleasure. Kuto = where.
|
i.e. If one is after easy going pleasurable lifestyle then he should better forego pursuit of learning and knowledge, and if one is a seeker of learning (a student) he has to forego all comforts. A seeker of comforts can never get Vidya and a student can never have an easy going and pleasurable lifestyle.
यस्य नास्ति स्वयम् प्रज्ञा शास्त्रं तस्य करोति किं
लोचनाभ्यां विहीनस्य दर्पणः किं करिष्यति.
Yasya Naasti Swayam Pragya Shaastram Tasya Karoti Kim.
Lochanaabhyaam Vihinasya Darpanahh Kim Karishyati.
i.e. What can Shashtra (Learning/knowledge) can do for a person who is bereft of intelligence (pragya)and understanding, .His case is similar to that of a blind person having a mirror, which is useless for him.
विकृतिं नैव गछन्ति संग दोषेन साधव:
आवेष्टितं महसर्पैश्चन्दनं न विषायते
Vikritim Naiva Gachhanti Sang Doshean Saadhwah.
Aaweshtitam Maha Sarpais-Chandanam Na Vishaayate.
i.e. Noble persons (Saadhwahh) do not get debased (vikriti) even in bad company or surroundings just like sandalwood tree does not get poisoned even if it is inhabited/ surrounded by poisonous snakes
.
अक्रोधस्तपसः क्षमा बलवताम् धर्मस्य निर्व्याज्यता
सर्वेषामपि सर्व कारणमिदं शीलं परम् भूषणं
Akrodhastapasahh Kshama Balwataam Dharmasya Nirvyaajata
Sarveshaamapi Sarva Kaaran midam Sheelam Param Bhushanam.
i.e. For those who practise Tapasya (a special trait of Hindu Religion whereby one renounces all worldly comforts and even tortures his body to attain Nirvaan) not getting angry (Akrodh), and for those who are powerful having forgiveness, and for those who are religious minded being free from deciet (Kapat rahit), and to all the above three types of persons kindheartedness is the supreme quality(param bhushanam) they must have.
गुणैः सर्वज्ञकल्पोपि सीदत्येको निराश्रयः
अनैर्घ्यमपि माणिक्यो हेमाश्रयमपेक्षते
Gunaih Sarwagya Kalpopi Seedatyeko Niraashrayah.
Anarghya Mapi Maanikyam Hemaashraya-mapekshate.
i.e.Even if a person has Virtues/qualities like Lord Shiva (Sarwagya),he continues to suffer and get neglected if he does not have patronage (aashraya), just like a gem, which although very precious, needs the patronage (aashraya) of Gold (a gold ring or ornament) to get prominence and its true worth.
Sarvagya = A name of Lord Shiva Seedati = suffers Anarghya = not getting due recognition
Maanikya = Gem , precious stone. Hema =Gold
गुणैरुत्तुङ्गतां याति नोच्चैरासनसंस्थितः
प्रासादशिखरारूढ: काकः किं गरुडायते
Gunair-uttungtam yaati Nochhai-aasan Sansthitah.
Praasaad Shikharaarudhah Kakahh Kim Garudaayate.
i.e. A person attains elevated status by virtue of his qualities and not by simply sitting on a high pedestal, just as a crow sitting over the dome of a building can not become a Garuda (Golden eagle).
# Garuda in Hindu Mythology is the "Vahan" i.e.carrier of Lord Vishnu and is considered the king of all flying birds.
उद्यमः साहसं धैर्यं बुद्धिः शक्तिः पराक्रमः |
षडते यत्र वर्तन्ते तत्र देव: सहायकृत ||
Udyamahh Saahasam Dhairyam Buddhih Shaktih Parakramahh
Shadtey Yatra Vartante Tatra Devah Sahaayakrut.
Udyamh = Industriousness, entrepreneurship, diligence. Saahasa = courage..
Dhairya = patience. Buddhi = intelligence. Shakti = power.
Paraakrama = courage, bravery. Shadte = these six. Yatra = where. Vartante = exist, are there. Tatra = there. Devasahaayakruta = Deva + sahaayakruta.
Deva = God. Sahayakruta = render assistance
i.e. Industriousness, courage, patience, intelligence, power, and zeal to distinguish one's self courage , if all these six attributes are in a person, then God also render assistance to him.
( Through this Subhashit the author emphasises the truth that a person becomes successful in his life only when he possesses these qualities and God also helps only those persons who help themselves. These six attributes are a must for success in any venture. )
आलस्यं हि मनुष्याणां शरीरस्थो महान रिपुः
नास्त्युद्यमसमो बन्धुः कृत्वा Sयम् नाSवसीदति
AAlasyam Hi Msnushyaanam Sharirastho Mahaan Ripuh
Naasti-udyama Samo Bandhuh Kratwa-ye Na-waseedati. **
i.e. Laziness (aalasya) in a person is his biggest enemy, whereas there is no better friend than industriousness (udyam). A person who has this quality in him never gets depressed and repentant.
**Na+avasidati- In Sanskrit 'avasad' means a state of mental depression
.
विहाय पौरुषं यो हि दैवमेवावलम्बते
प्रासाद सिहवत्यस्य मूर्ध्नि तिष्टन्ति वायसाः
Vihaya Paurusham Yo Hi Daiwamewa-walambate
Praasad Singh Vattyasya Moordhni Tisthanti Vaayasah.
i.e. Those who do not make any effort and leave every thing to destiny (Daiwa) are like a crow sitting over the statue of a lion at the gate of a big mansion.
एको हि गुणवान् पुत्रो निर्गुणैः किं शतेन तैः
एकश्चन्द्रो जगचक्षुर्नक्षत्रैः किं प्रयोजनम्
Eiko Hi Gunawaan Puttro Nirgunaih Kim Shatain Taiih
Eikashchandro Jaga-chakshu Nakshatraih Kim Prayojanam.
i.e. It is better to have only one illustrious son rather than having one hundred sons not having any virtues . If there is one bright Moon shining in the sky then who cares for a cluster of stars in the sky (nakshatra).
Shata =one hundred
Nakshatra = a cluster of stars in the sky Jagat Chakshu = eye of the world ( Sun and Moon are considered as eyes of the Universe)
उद्य्प्गिनं पुरुषसिहमुपैति लक्ष्मी
दैवंप्रधानमिति कापुरुषा वदन्ति
दैवं विहाय कुरु पौरुष्मात्म्य शक्त्या
यत्ने कृते यदि न सिध्यति कोSत्र दोषः
अर्थातुराणां न गुरुर्नबन्धुः कामातुराणां न भयं न लज्जा |
विद्यातुराणां न सुखं न निद्रा क्षुधातुराणां न रुचिर्न वेला ||
Arthaaturanam Na Gurur-na-bandhuh, Kaamaturanaam Na Bhayam Na Lajja
Vidyaaturaanaam Na Sukham Na Nidraa, Kshudhaturaanaam Na Ruchir-na vela.
i.e. Those who are after money they have no regard for their Gurus(elders) and friends, and those who are sex starved (kaamatur) they have no fear (of sociey) and remorse for their actions, and those who are seekers of Learning (Vidya) they do not have easy going lifestyle(Sukh) and sound sleep, and those who are starved and hungry (kshudhaatur) they don't care for any choice for (ruchi) food and do not bother about the time or occasion (bela).
मुखिया मुख सो चाहिये खान पान कहु एक
पालइ पोषइ सकल अंग तुलसी सहित विवेक
Mukhiya mukh so chahiye khaan paan Kahu Eik
Palai poshai sakal ang 'Tulsi' sahit vivek
.
The head of the family should be like the mouth,which receives whatever eatables and drinks one gets. But the mouth is not selfish and nurtures/takes care of the entire body with discretion i.e.distributes equitably the nutrients to different parts of body according to their requirements.
काकः पद्म वने रतिं न कुरुते हंसो न कूपोदके
मूर्ख: पंडित संगमे न रमते दासो न सिंहासने |
कुस्त्री सज्जन संगमने न रमते नीचम जनम् सेवते
या यस्य प्रकृति: स्वभावजनिता केनाSपि न त्याज्यते ||
Kaakh Padma Vane Ratim Na Kurute, Hamso Na Koopodake
Moorkhah Pandit Sangame Na Ramate Daaso Na Singhaasne.
Ku-Stree Sajjan Sangame Na Ramate Neecham Janam Sewate
Ya Yasya Prakritih Swabhaaw-janita Kenaapi Na tyajate.
Kaakh - a crow. Padma = lotus flower. Vane = a garden, forest. Ratim = enjoyment.
Kurute = does. Hamso = a swan. Koopodake = Kppo + udake. Koop = a well
Udake = water. Moorkh = a foolish person. Pandit = a learned person. Sangame = in the company of.
Ramate =be happy or pleased. Daso = slaves, servants. Simhaasane = a throne.
Kustree = a woman of ill repute. Sajjan = a righteous person. Neechm = a mean person.
Janm = person. Sevate = serve. Yaa = whatever. Yasya = whose. Prakriti = nature.
Swabhava = character, nature. Janitaa = occuring. Kenaapi = whichever. Tyajyate = get rid of.
i.e. A crow in a Lotus garden and a Swan in a small ditch or well feels ill at ease. Similarly a fool in the company of learned persons,a slave in the company of a King and a women of ill repute in the company of a gentleman always feels uncomfortable, implying thereby that depending upon their nature people like the company of like minded persons and do not change their nature.
विद्वत्तम् च न्रुपत्त्वम् च नैव तुल्यं कदाचन
स्वदेशे पूज्यते राजा विद्वान् सर्वत्र पूज्यते
Vidwattam cha Nrupattwam cha naiwa tulyam kdaachana.
Swadeshe poojyate Raja Vidwaan sarvatra poojyate.
Vidvatwam = Scholars Nrapattwam + Kings, Rulers. Naiva = not at all, hardly. Tulyam = comparable, similar . Kadaachan = ever. Swadeshe = one's own country. Poojyate = reverred , worshipped. Raja = King Vidvaan = a learned person. Sarvatra = every where.
i.e. One should never compare a Scholar with a King, because a King is revered only in his kingdom, whereas a Scholar is revered every where.
सत्संगाद्भवति हि साधुता खलानां
साधूनां नहि खल संगन्मात्खलत्वम्
आमोदे कुसुमभवं मृदेव धत्ते
मृदगन्धं नहि कुसुमापि धारयन्ति
Satsangad-bhawati hi saadhuta khalaanam.
Saadhunaam nahi khal snagmat-khalatwam.
Aamodam Kusum-bhawam Mradeawa Dhatte
Mradatwam nahi kusumani dharayanti.
i.e. By associating with righteous persons even mean persons acquire gentleness (Saadhuta),but righteous persons do not acquire meanness by associating with mean persons, just like a flower's fragrance is acquired by the soil where it is grown but the properties of the soil are not acquired by the flower.
Aamodam =fragrance. mrida = soil. Khalatwam =meanness
यत्र विद्वज्जनो नाSस्ति श्लाघ्यस्तत्राल्प् धीरपि
निरस्त पादपे देशे एरण्डोपि द्रुमायते
Yatra Vidwajjno Naasti Shlaghyas-tatraalp-dhee-rapi
Nirast Paadape Deshe Eairandopi Drumaayate.
i.e. At a place where learned persons are not present, whatever praise one receives is short lived, just as in a place bereft of tall and big trees even a bush of 'Erand" ( castor) is treated and considered as a tree. ( A true scholar may not get the praise and recognition due to him, as there may not be persons intelligent enough to appraise his true worth.
वाञ्छा सज्जन संगमे परगुणे प्रीतिर्गुरौ नम्रता
विद्यायां व्यसनं स्वयोषिति रतिर्लोकापवादद्भयम्
भक्तिः शूलिनि शक्तिरात्मदमने संसर्गमुक्तिः खलै
श्वेते येषु वसन्ति निर्मल् गुणास्तेभ्यो नरेभ्यो नमः
Vaanchha Sajjan Sangame Par-guney Preetir-Gurournamrata
Vidyayaam Vyasanam Swayoshiti Ratir-lokaapawadaad-bhayam
Bhaktihi Shoolini Shakti-raatma Damane Sansarga Muktihi Khale-
shwate Yeshu Vasanti Nirmal Guneaa-stebhyo Narebhyo Namahh.
i.e. A person , who remains in the company of honorable people (Sajjan).appreciates the virtues in other persons, is polite and obedient towards his teacher(Guru),is addicted to learning (Vidya- vyasani), is faithful to his wife (yoshiti), is afraid of criticism by the Society (lokaapawad), is a devotee (bhakt) of Lord Shiva (Shoolini),is strong enough in self-control (aatma shaman), and is free from any association with mean/crooked fellows (Khal), if all these virtues are in him, he is to be praised and respected.
Purush Vishesham praapta bhawanti yogya ayogyaashcha.
अश्व:शस्त्रं शास्त्रं वीणा वाणी नरश्च नारी च
पुरुषः विशेषं प्राप्ता भवन्ति योग्या अयोग्यास्च
Ashwah shashtram shaashtram veena vani narascha nari cha.
Purushah vishesham praaptaa bhawanti yogyaa ayaogyyscha.
i.e. Horses, weapons, shashtraas ( books of learning), veena, way of speaking (diction) of men and women, when they are under the command or direction of a specialist person, become competent or incompetent depending upon the skill of the handler.
Ashwah =horse. Shashtram = a weapon. Shaashtram = Scriptures, books of learning. veena = a strnged musical instrument. Vaani = way of speaking,speech.
Narascha = a man's. Naari = woman. Cha - also. Purushah = a person.
Vishesham = specialisation. Praapta = having. Bhawanti = become/
Yogyaa = competent. Ayogya = incompetent.
भद्रं भद्रं कृतं मौनं कोकिलैर्जलदागमे
वक्तारो दर्दुरा यस्य तत्र मौनं समाचरेत
Bhadram Bhadram Kritam Maunam Kokile'Jaladaagame.
Vaktaaro Dardura yatra, Tatra Maunam samaacharet.
i.e.Wise people observe silence ( do not speak up their mind) where persons of low intellect are assembled just as the nightengale (Koyal ) doeds not sing during Rainy season when frogs make deafening croaking sound.
(Nightengales usually sing during spring season, when there is greenery flowers every where and frogs are conspicious by their absence.)
धृष्टं धृष्टं पुनरपि पुनश्चन्दनं चारुगन्धं
छिन्नं छिन्नं पुनरपि पुनः स्वादुचैवेक्षुकाण्डं
दग्धं दग्धं पुनरपि पुनः काञ्चनं काञ्चवर्णं
न प्राणान्ते प्रुकृतिविकृतिर्जायते चोत्तकानाम
Ghrashtam Ghrashtam Punarapi Punash-chandanam Charugandham.
Chhinam Chhinam Punarapi Punah Swaadu Chaiwekshu Kandam.
Daghdham Daghdham Punarapi Punah Kaanchanam Kaant Varnam.
Na Praanante Prakriti Vikritir-Jaayate Chottamanam.
i.e. even by repeated rubbing, Sandalwood (Chandan) does not lose it's properties ( sweet smell), even by being cut into small pieces sugarcane does not lose it's sweetness, even by repeatedly being burnt in fire Gold does not lose its shine and colour, similarly great personalities (uttam purush) do not lose their benevolant nature and human values even facing grave danger to their life.
गुणाः कुर्वन्ति दूतत्वम् दूरेऽपि वसतां सताम
केतकी गन्ध माघ्राय स्वयम् गछन्ति षट्पदाः
Gunaah kurwanti Dootatwam Doorepi Vasataam Sataam'
Ketaki Gandha Maaghraaya Swayam Gachhanti Shatpadaah.
i.e.Virtues(gunaah)in a person advertise themselve to outsiders even if they may be in remote place
, e.g.attracted by the sweet smell of Ketaki ( a very sweet scented flower) bees themselves go to the flowers.
न चौरहार्यं न च राज हार्यं
न भ्रातुभाज्यं न च भारकारी
व्यये कृते वर्धति एव नित्यं
विद्या धनं सर्वधनप्रधानम्
Na Chaur Haaryam Na Cha Raajya Haaryam,
Na Bhraatri Bhaajyam Na Cha Bhaarkaari.
Vyaye Krite Vardhati Eva Nityam,
Vidya Dhanam Sarva Dhan- Pradhaanam.
i.e.Neither a thief can steal it nor the 'Powers that be' (Raajya) can take it away,neither it is divisible with your brother (as a share in property), neither it is heavy to carry; it increases day by day through spending (by imparting to others). Such qualities are only in Vidya Dhan (learning), which is first amongst all types of 'Riches' (Dhan).
ग़ुनवद्जनसन्सर्गाद्याति सर्वोपि गौरवं
पुष्पमाला प्रसंगेन सूत्रं शिरशि
Gunawajjn Sansargadyaati Sarvoopi Gaurawam.
Pushpa Mala Prasangena Sootram Shirashi Dhaaryate.
i.e. Every one is honoured and gets benefitte in the company of noble and virtuous persons (Guni-Jan) e.g. in the company of flowers ordinary thread also gets an opportunity to be placed over the head (of the person being honored).
उपदेशो हि मूर्खाणां प्रकोपाय न शान्तये
पयः पानं भुजङ्गानां केवलम् विष वर्धनम्
Updesho Hi Moorkhanaam Prakopaaya Na Shantaye
Payahh Paanam Bhujangaanam,Kewalam Visha Vardhanam.
i.e. the chaos (prakopa) created by foolish persons (moorkh) can not be stopped and removed by giving them good advice (updesh). It is just like feeding a snake with milk, which will only result in increasing its poison yield.
शरदि न वर्षति गर्जति वर्षति वर्षासु नि:स्वनो मेघः
नीचो न वदति न कुरुते वदति साधुः करोत्येव
Sharadi Na Varshati Garjati, Varshat Varshasu Nih:swano Meghah.
Neecho Vadati Na Kurute, Vadati Saadhu: Karotyewa.
i.e. during Sharad Ritu (months of October and November) the clouds do not pour rain and simply make rumbling sound (Garjati), whereas during rainy season rain bearing clouds make a downpour silently without making any sound. Similarly, the lowly people (neecho) only boast and do not do any job whereas saintly people (Saadhu) without boasting or fanfare accomplish the task entrusted to them
.
वाणी दरिद्रस्य शुभा हिताSपि ह्यर्थेन शब्देन संप्रयुक्ता
न शोभते वित्तवत: समीपे भेरिनिनादोपहतेव वीणा
Vaani Daridrasya Shubha Hitaapi. Hyarthean Shabdean Samprayukta
Na Shobhate Vittavatahh Sameepey, Bheeri Ninadopahateawa Veena.
i.e.If a poor person says some thing important and scholarly to a rich person, no matter such saying may be auspicious (shubha) and beneficial (hitartha) to the rich person, it is not liked by the rich, just as before the cacophony and din of a trumpet (bheri-ninaad)no one bothers to listen to the sweet strains of a Veena ( a refined and complicated ancient musical instrument associated with Goddess Saraswati).
मुखं पद्मदलाकारं वाचा चन्दनशीतला
हृदयं क्रोधसंयुक्तं त्रिविधं धूर्त लक्षणं
Mukham Padma Dalakaaram , Vaacha ChandanSheetala.
Hridayam Krodha Sanyuktam, Trividham Dhoorta Laksanam.
i.e. Outwardly a smiling face like a blooming lotus (padma dalaakaaram) and speech as cool as paste of sandlewood (chandan), but inwardly full of anger and trachary, these are the three characteristics of a scheming and crooked person (Dhoorta).
.
सुखार्थी वा त्यजेत् विद्यां विद्यार्थी वा त्यजेत् सुखम् |
सुखर्थिनः कुतो विद्या कुतो विद्यार्थिनः सुखंम् ||
Sukhaarthi wa tyajet vidyaam, Vidyaarthi wa tyajeit sukham.
Sukhaarthinh kutah vidya , kuto vidyarthinah sukham.
Sukhaarthi = seekers of pleasure. Va = if. Tyajet = give up, forego.
Vidyaa = learning, knowledge, science.. Vidyaarthi = seekers of knowledge,student.
Sukha = pleasure. Kuto = where.
|
i.e. If one is after easy going pleasurable lifestyle then he should better forego pursuit of learning and knowledge, and if one is a seeker of learning (a student) he has to forego all comforts. A seeker of comforts can never get Vidya and a student can never have an easy going and pleasurable lifestyle.
यस्य नास्ति स्वयम् प्रज्ञा शास्त्रं तस्य करोति किं
लोचनाभ्यां विहीनस्य दर्पणः किं करिष्यति.
Yasya Naasti Swayam Pragya Shaastram Tasya Karoti Kim.
Lochanaabhyaam Vihinasya Darpanahh Kim Karishyati.
i.e. What can Shashtra (Learning/knowledge) can do for a person who is bereft of intelligence (pragya)and understanding, .His case is similar to that of a blind person having a mirror, which is useless for him.
विकृतिं नैव गछन्ति संग दोषेन साधव:
आवेष्टितं महसर्पैश्चन्दनं न विषायते
Vikritim Naiva Gachhanti Sang Doshean Saadhwah.
Aaweshtitam Maha Sarpais-Chandanam Na Vishaayate.
i.e. Noble persons (Saadhwahh) do not get debased (vikriti) even in bad company or surroundings just like sandalwood tree does not get poisoned even if it is inhabited/ surrounded by poisonous snakes
.
अक्रोधस्तपसः क्षमा बलवताम् धर्मस्य निर्व्याज्यता
सर्वेषामपि सर्व कारणमिदं शीलं परम् भूषणं
Akrodhastapasahh Kshama Balwataam Dharmasya Nirvyaajata
Sarveshaamapi Sarva Kaaran midam Sheelam Param Bhushanam.
i.e. For those who practise Tapasya (a special trait of Hindu Religion whereby one renounces all worldly comforts and even tortures his body to attain Nirvaan) not getting angry (Akrodh), and for those who are powerful having forgiveness, and for those who are religious minded being free from deciet (Kapat rahit), and to all the above three types of persons kindheartedness is the supreme quality(param bhushanam) they must have.
गुणैः सर्वज्ञकल्पोपि सीदत्येको निराश्रयः
अनैर्घ्यमपि माणिक्यो हेमाश्रयमपेक्षते
Gunaih Sarwagya Kalpopi Seedatyeko Niraashrayah.
Anarghya Mapi Maanikyam Hemaashraya-mapekshate.
i.e.Even if a person has Virtues/qualities like Lord Shiva (Sarwagya),he continues to suffer and get neglected if he does not have patronage (aashraya), just like a gem, which although very precious, needs the patronage (aashraya) of Gold (a gold ring or ornament) to get prominence and its true worth.
Sarvagya = A name of Lord Shiva Seedati = suffers Anarghya = not getting due recognition
Maanikya = Gem , precious stone. Hema =Gold
गुणैरुत्तुङ्गतां याति नोच्चैरासनसंस्थितः
प्रासादशिखरारूढ: काकः किं गरुडायते
Gunair-uttungtam yaati Nochhai-aasan Sansthitah.
Praasaad Shikharaarudhah Kakahh Kim Garudaayate.
i.e. A person attains elevated status by virtue of his qualities and not by simply sitting on a high pedestal, just as a crow sitting over the dome of a building can not become a Garuda (Golden eagle).
# Garuda in Hindu Mythology is the "Vahan" i.e.carrier of Lord Vishnu and is considered the king of all flying birds.
उद्यमः साहसं धैर्यं बुद्धिः शक्तिः पराक्रमः |
षडते यत्र वर्तन्ते तत्र देव: सहायकृत ||
Udyamahh Saahasam Dhairyam Buddhih Shaktih Parakramahh
Shadtey Yatra Vartante Tatra Devah Sahaayakrut.
Udyamh = Industriousness, entrepreneurship, diligence. Saahasa = courage..
Dhairya = patience. Buddhi = intelligence. Shakti = power.
Paraakrama = courage, bravery. Shadte = these six. Yatra = where. Vartante = exist, are there. Tatra = there. Devasahaayakruta = Deva + sahaayakruta.
Deva = God. Sahayakruta = render assistance
i.e. Industriousness, courage, patience, intelligence, power, and zeal to distinguish one's self courage , if all these six attributes are in a person, then God also render assistance to him.
( Through this Subhashit the author emphasises the truth that a person becomes successful in his life only when he possesses these qualities and God also helps only those persons who help themselves. These six attributes are a must for success in any venture. )
आलस्यं हि मनुष्याणां शरीरस्थो महान रिपुः
नास्त्युद्यमसमो बन्धुः कृत्वा Sयम् नाSवसीदति
AAlasyam Hi Msnushyaanam Sharirastho Mahaan Ripuh
Naasti-udyama Samo Bandhuh Kratwa-ye Na-waseedati. **
i.e. Laziness (aalasya) in a person is his biggest enemy, whereas there is no better friend than industriousness (udyam). A person who has this quality in him never gets depressed and repentant.
**Na+avasidati- In Sanskrit 'avasad' means a state of mental depression
.
विहाय पौरुषं यो हि दैवमेवावलम्बते
प्रासाद सिहवत्यस्य मूर्ध्नि तिष्टन्ति वायसाः
Vihaya Paurusham Yo Hi Daiwamewa-walambate
Praasad Singh Vattyasya Moordhni Tisthanti Vaayasah.
i.e. Those who do not make any effort and leave every thing to destiny (Daiwa) are like a crow sitting over the statue of a lion at the gate of a big mansion.
एको हि गुणवान् पुत्रो निर्गुणैः किं शतेन तैः
एकश्चन्द्रो जगचक्षुर्नक्षत्रैः किं प्रयोजनम्
Eiko Hi Gunawaan Puttro Nirgunaih Kim Shatain Taiih
Eikashchandro Jaga-chakshu Nakshatraih Kim Prayojanam.
i.e. It is better to have only one illustrious son rather than having one hundred sons not having any virtues . If there is one bright Moon shining in the sky then who cares for a cluster of stars in the sky (nakshatra).
Shata =one hundred
Nakshatra = a cluster of stars in the sky Jagat Chakshu = eye of the world ( Sun and Moon are considered as eyes of the Universe)
उद्य्प्गिनं पुरुषसिहमुपैति लक्ष्मी
दैवंप्रधानमिति कापुरुषा वदन्ति
दैवं विहाय कुरु पौरुष्मात्म्य शक्त्या
यत्ने कृते यदि न सिध्यति कोSत्र दोषः
Udyoginam Purush- Singh-mupaiti Lakshmi.
Daivam Padhaan-miti Kaapurusha Vadanti.
Daivam Vihai Kuru Paurush-maatmya Shaktyaa,
Yatnam Kritey Yadi Na Sidhyati Kotra Doshah.
i.e. Courageous and enterprising persons get riches by virtue of their own efforts and those who are cowards and lazy say that their getting rich is dependent on their destiny. If one makes efforts to the best of his ability without caring for his fate or destiny and still does not succeed then no body is to be blamed for this.
वनाति दहतो वह्निः सखा भवति मारुतः
Daivam Padhaan-miti Kaapurusha Vadanti.
Daivam Vihai Kuru Paurush-maatmya Shaktyaa,
Yatnam Kritey Yadi Na Sidhyati Kotra Doshah.
i.e. Courageous and enterprising persons get riches by virtue of their own efforts and those who are cowards and lazy say that their getting rich is dependent on their destiny. If one makes efforts to the best of his ability without caring for his fate or destiny and still does not succeed then no body is to be blamed for this.
वनाति दहतो वह्निः सखा भवति मारुतः
स एव दीप नाशाय कृशे कस्यास्ति सौहृदं
Vanaati Dahato Vanhaih Sakhaa Bhawati Maarutah:
Sa Aiw Deep Naashaaya , Krishey Kasyaasti Sauhradam
i.e.Fire burns the forest and is helped by the blowing wind. But the same wind causes the blowing off of Deepak ( earthen lamp ) implying that the same forces that are helpful to the powerful are unhelpful to those who are weak
Vanhaih = Fire Maarutah = wind
सर्वनाशो समुत्पन्ने अर्धम् त्यजति पण्डितः
Sa Aiw Deep Naashaaya , Krishey Kasyaasti Sauhradam
i.e.Fire burns the forest and is helped by the blowing wind. But the same wind causes the blowing off of Deepak ( earthen lamp ) implying that the same forces that are helpful to the powerful are unhelpful to those who are weak
Vanhaih = Fire Maarutah = wind
सर्वनाशो समुत्पन्ने अर्धम् त्यजति पण्डितः
अर्धेन कुरुते कार्यं सर्वनाशो न जायते
Sarvanaasho Samutpanne Ardham Tyajati Panditah:
Ardhen Kurute Kaaryam Sarvanaasho Na Jaayate.
i.e. A wise person (Pandit) when confronted by a situation where there is risk of losing his entire wealth,tries to come out of such tricky situation by leaving half of his possessions. Afterwards by judiciously using his remaining wealth he avoids total annihilation (sarvanaash). [and again recovers his lost wealth]
Ardhen Kurute Kaaryam Sarvanaasho Na Jaayate.
i.e. A wise person (Pandit) when confronted by a situation where there is risk of losing his entire wealth,tries to come out of such tricky situation by leaving half of his possessions. Afterwards by judiciously using his remaining wealth he avoids total annihilation (sarvanaash). [and again recovers his lost wealth]
अर्थातुराणां न गुरुर्नबन्धुः कामातुराणां न भयं न लज्जा |
विद्यातुराणां न सुखं न निद्रा क्षुधातुराणां न रुचिर्न वेला ||
Arthaaturanam Na Gurur-na-bandhuh, Kaamaturanaam Na Bhayam Na Lajja
Vidyaaturaanaam Na Sukham Na Nidraa, Kshudhaturaanaam Na Ruchir-na vela.
i.e. Those who are after money they have no regard for their Gurus(elders) and friends, and those who are sex starved (kaamatur) they have no fear (of sociey) and remorse for their actions, and those who are seekers of Learning (Vidya) they do not have easy going lifestyle(Sukh) and sound sleep, and those who are starved and hungry (kshudhaatur) they don't care for any choice for (ruchi) food and do not bother about the time or occasion (bela).
मुखिया मुख सो चाहिये खान पान कहु एक
पालइ पोषइ सकल अंग तुलसी सहित विवेक
Mukhiya mukh so chahiye khaan paan Kahu Eik
Palai poshai sakal ang 'Tulsi' sahit vivek
.
The head of the family should be like the mouth,which receives whatever eatables and drinks one gets. But the mouth is not selfish and nurtures/takes care of the entire body with discretion i.e.distributes equitably the nutrients to different parts of body according to their requirements.
काकः पद्म वने रतिं न कुरुते हंसो न कूपोदके
मूर्ख: पंडित संगमे न रमते दासो न सिंहासने |
कुस्त्री सज्जन संगमने न रमते नीचम जनम् सेवते
या यस्य प्रकृति: स्वभावजनिता केनाSपि न त्याज्यते ||
Kaakh Padma Vane Ratim Na Kurute, Hamso Na Koopodake
Moorkhah Pandit Sangame Na Ramate Daaso Na Singhaasne.
Ku-Stree Sajjan Sangame Na Ramate Neecham Janam Sewate
Ya Yasya Prakritih Swabhaaw-janita Kenaapi Na tyajate.
Kaakh - a crow. Padma = lotus flower. Vane = a garden, forest. Ratim = enjoyment.
Kurute = does. Hamso = a swan. Koopodake = Kppo + udake. Koop = a well
Udake = water. Moorkh = a foolish person. Pandit = a learned person. Sangame = in the company of.
Ramate =be happy or pleased. Daso = slaves, servants. Simhaasane = a throne.
Kustree = a woman of ill repute. Sajjan = a righteous person. Neechm = a mean person.
Janm = person. Sevate = serve. Yaa = whatever. Yasya = whose. Prakriti = nature.
Swabhava = character, nature. Janitaa = occuring. Kenaapi = whichever. Tyajyate = get rid of.
i.e. A crow in a Lotus garden and a Swan in a small ditch or well feels ill at ease. Similarly a fool in the company of learned persons,a slave in the company of a King and a women of ill repute in the company of a gentleman always feels uncomfortable, implying thereby that depending upon their nature people like the company of like minded persons and do not change their nature.
विद्वत्तम् च न्रुपत्त्वम् च नैव तुल्यं कदाचन
स्वदेशे पूज्यते राजा विद्वान् सर्वत्र पूज्यते
Vidwattam cha Nrupattwam cha naiwa tulyam kdaachana.
Swadeshe poojyate Raja Vidwaan sarvatra poojyate.
Vidvatwam = Scholars Nrapattwam + Kings, Rulers. Naiva = not at all, hardly. Tulyam = comparable, similar . Kadaachan = ever. Swadeshe = one's own country. Poojyate = reverred , worshipped. Raja = King Vidvaan = a learned person. Sarvatra = every where.
i.e. One should never compare a Scholar with a King, because a King is revered only in his kingdom, whereas a Scholar is revered every where.
सत्संगाद्भवति हि साधुता खलानां
साधूनां नहि खल संगन्मात्खलत्वम्
आमोदे कुसुमभवं मृदेव धत्ते
मृदगन्धं नहि कुसुमापि धारयन्ति
Satsangad-bhawati hi saadhuta khalaanam.
Saadhunaam nahi khal snagmat-khalatwam.
Aamodam Kusum-bhawam Mradeawa Dhatte
Mradatwam nahi kusumani dharayanti.
i.e. By associating with righteous persons even mean persons acquire gentleness (Saadhuta),but righteous persons do not acquire meanness by associating with mean persons, just like a flower's fragrance is acquired by the soil where it is grown but the properties of the soil are not acquired by the flower.
Aamodam =fragrance. mrida = soil. Khalatwam =meanness
यत्र विद्वज्जनो नाSस्ति श्लाघ्यस्तत्राल्प् धीरपि
निरस्त पादपे देशे एरण्डोपि द्रुमायते
Yatra Vidwajjno Naasti Shlaghyas-tatraalp-dhee-rapi
Nirast Paadape Deshe Eairandopi Drumaayate.
i.e. At a place where learned persons are not present, whatever praise one receives is short lived, just as in a place bereft of tall and big trees even a bush of 'Erand" ( castor) is treated and considered as a tree. ( A true scholar may not get the praise and recognition due to him, as there may not be persons intelligent enough to appraise his true worth.
वाञ्छा सज्जन संगमे परगुणे प्रीतिर्गुरौ नम्रता
विद्यायां व्यसनं स्वयोषिति रतिर्लोकापवादद्भयम्
भक्तिः शूलिनि शक्तिरात्मदमने संसर्गमुक्तिः खलै
श्वेते येषु वसन्ति निर्मल् गुणास्तेभ्यो नरेभ्यो नमः
Vaanchha Sajjan Sangame Par-guney Preetir-Gurournamrata
Vidyayaam Vyasanam Swayoshiti Ratir-lokaapawadaad-bhayam
Bhaktihi Shoolini Shakti-raatma Damane Sansarga Muktihi Khale-
shwate Yeshu Vasanti Nirmal Guneaa-stebhyo Narebhyo Namahh.
i.e. A person , who remains in the company of honorable people (Sajjan).appreciates the virtues in other persons, is polite and obedient towards his teacher(Guru),is addicted to learning (Vidya- vyasani), is faithful to his wife (yoshiti), is afraid of criticism by the Society (lokaapawad), is a devotee (bhakt) of Lord Shiva (Shoolini),is strong enough in self-control (aatma shaman), and is free from any association with mean/crooked fellows (Khal), if all these virtues are in him, he is to be praised and respected.
M.C.Joshi
