Friday 1 November 2013

To day's Subhashita. (Discourse between Bheeshma and Yudhishthara about 'Rajdharma" (continued).

दुर्गेषु च महाराज षट्सु ये शास्त्रनिश्चिता  |
सर्वदुर्गेषु  मन्यन्ते  नरदुर्गं  सुदुस्तरम्     ||

अर्थ  - महाराज !  मरु (जल रहित भूमि), जल, पृथ्वी, वन,पर्वत और मनुष्य - इन छ: प्रकार के दुर्गों में
          मानव दुर्ग ही प्रधान है |शाश्त्रों को जानने वाले विद्वान् उन स्वभॆ दुर्गों में मानव दुर्ग को ही अत्यन्त                   दुर्लङ्घ्य  मानते हैं |

Durgeshu cha maharaaj shatsu ye shaashtranishchitaa.
Sarvadurgeshu manyante naradurgam sudustaram.

Durgeshu = forts, castles.     Cha = and, are.    Mahaaraaj =  O great King ! . Shatsu - six in number.
Ye = these.   Shastranishchitaa = Shaastra + nishchitaa.   Shashtra = religious or scientific tretises.
Nishchitaa =ordained by.    Sarvadurgeshu =among all types of forts    Sarva = every.
Manyante = supposed to be, considered.      Nardurg = strategic formation of men for protection
from enemies like a fort, a trained army.       Sudustaram = su+dustaram.    Su =  most.(a prefix (known as 'upsarg' in Sanskrit language) added before a word to increase its value as an adjective)
Dustar = insurmountable, invincible.

(In ancient Sanskrit treatises six types of fortifications - means of protection from enemies-  are described,namely terrain without water (desert), water (forts surrounded by water channels as is commonly done in forts), difficult terrain, forests, mountains and lastly soldiers. Among all these means of protection from enemies a strong and trained army of soldiers is considered as  most invincible.)

Discussing the 'Rajdharma'  with Yudhishthara,  Bheeshma further says -  " O great King !  among the six types of fortifications for protection from enemy,which are described in our 'Shaastraas' ,namely a desert, water body, difficult terrain, forests, mountains and an army of well trained soldiers, all experts in warfare consider the army as most invincible."


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